The Odyssey An Epic Poem - 1418 Words

The Odyssey an epic poem that has stood the test of time as history is made. Homer made a story as raptured almost everyone who reads it. Even the most trivial characters seem to serve some important role later in the epic poem. Yet it seems that the meaning of this great piece of fiction changes with the changing desires of society. Yet one thing that Homer puts in every corner of the book stays the same with the test of time. The misfortune that hangs like the sword of Damocles over each characters’ head with every single event and trial waiting for some grand purpose. Everywhere that the reader reads there is always someone who is facing misfortune. Whether that misfortune comes from the gods, or man. Zeus says this in the best way†¦show more content†¦Yet Homer seems to not want any of the characters to have true happiness. He shows this when the King of Sparta says to Telemachus â€Å"Well, would to god I’d stayed right here in my house with a third of a ll that wealth and they were still alive, all who died on the wide plains of Troy those years ago far from the stallion land of Argos†( 4. 127). This is said to show the regret that the King of Sparta has had held ever since winning Helen back. He realizes that all those lives loss in Troy are on his hand. At the same time he admitting that if he could go back in time he would not do that war, because of that loss of life. In this case this goes back to the gods on having cause this misfortune, or at least part of it. Paris only came for Helen, because Aphrodite told him that she was the most beautiful mortal women in the world. The only reason the war for Troy went on for so long was the fact that Achilles wanted his revenge with Agamemon. In a way Zeus’s quote can be seen as a two-way street. One the gods do not start the misfortune, but give the idea of misfortune. This idea of misfortune is only acted on by man. In a way Zeus is correct that man does weave his ow n misfortune, but gods have an hand in weaving said misfortune. Odysseus on other hand only experiences more and more misfortune from each trial he faces. With the Cyclop’s cave Odysseus starts his misfortune when he tells the story of how his crew first met the Cyclops the cave.Show MoreRelatedAn Epic Poem The Odyssey 1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe Odyssey, an epic poem written by Greek poet Homer, follows the story of Odysseus, a war hero and king of Ithaca, as he went on a journey to return home from Troy ten years after the Trojan War. On his journey, he was confronted by various monsters, including the one-eyed Cyclops, and faced the loss of his men and his ship. Not to mention, when he returned to his land, he also had to defeat the suitors who had overrun his home and were trying to court his wife, Penelope. Homer not only tells usRead MoreThe Epic Poem The Odyssey 1459 Words   |  6 PagesHospitality has been around and important to cultures for almost forever. In the epic poem The Odyssey by Homer, there are many themes, but the theme of hospitality reoccurs throughout the entire epic. This epic takes place in Ancient Greece after the Trojan War. The main character, Odysseus, is on a journey back home to Ithaca after being away for ten years. Along the way, he must make stops and stays in the homes of the different people during his journey. The individuals that are hosting the strangerRead MoreThe Epic Poem, The Odyssey, By Homer1078 Words   |  5 Pagesthem, most of which come from The Odyssey . From these stories, we learn of the hardships many faced returning home after this bloody war. Within the tales, lies a man, whom some call a hero, and others do not. This man, Odysseus, faces many hardships throughout this time that challenge his heroism. In Homer s epic poem, The Odyssey , the main character Odysseus should be viewed as a hero because he shows cleverness, strength, and perseverance. Throughout the epic poem, Odysseus shows stupendous knowledgeRead MoreThe Odyssey Is An Ancient Greek Epic Poem Essay2056 Words   |  9 PagesThe Odyssey is an Ancient Greek epic poem, giving the account of Greek hero Odysseus’ ill-fated ten year journey home after the fall of Troy. It is attributed to the Greek poet Homer, and thought to have been written in the 8th century BC. In the opening passages of the poem, we find Penelope, the wife of Odysseus, still weeping for her husband after twenty years of his absence. Throughout history, Penelope has come to represent chastity and faithfulness in marriage, and though she is undoubtedlyRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer Is A Story And Epic Poem940 Words   |  4 PagesThe Odyssey, by homer is a story/epic poem about the protagonist Odysseus who brings anguish and suffering upon himself and his men, which prolongs their arrival to Ithaca. Because of this Odysseus son, Telemachus sets on a journey to find him. This book illustrate s Odysseus, and his crew s feats by overcoming misfortunes along the way. Such as defeating a Cyclops named Polyphemus, fleeing from a town of powerful Laestrygonians and resisting manipulation and enchantments from a goddess calledRead MoreHomers Epic Poem, The Odyssey Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesIn Homers epic poem, the Odyssey, the recurring theme of intelligence is important because through intelligence, Odysseus is able to utilize wit and cunning to suit his needs and wants, as well as defeat bigger and stronger opponents than he. Through the stories of Odysseus sufferings throughout the Trojan War and his struggles of homecoming, Homer portrays intelligence as being an effective application of strength used to gain an advantage over his opponents. Odysseus is depicted as an intellectualRead MoreHomer s Epic Poems, The Iliad And The Odyssey1254 Words   |  6 Pagesimmensely. Homer gives us a look into what morals the Greeks followed and what their beliefs were. Homer show s us how the Greeks put these beliefs into action by presenting multiple struggles that our characters must go through. Homer’s epic poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey, are thousands of years old. Yet, whoever reads these pieces of literature today can somehow relate to its characters and events. This is because of the author’s ability to form a connection between the reader and what it is they areRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer Is One Of The Most Well Known Epic Poems Ever1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer is one of the most well known epic poems ever. This story takes place in ancient Greece after Odysseus fought in the Trojan War in Troy. It was written around 700 BCE and tells the story of Odysseus’ journey home to Ithaca from Troy. One of the major reoccurring themes in this famous piece is determination. Many characters demonstrate great determination such as Odysseus, Penelope and Athena. Each character has a goal that they must work towards. In The Odyssey characters whoRead MoreThroughout the epic poem â€Å"The Odyssey† under various circumstances Odysseus presents others with1100 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the epic poem â€Å"The Odyssey† under various circumstances Odysseus presents others with fictitious identities on his struggle home to Ithaca. Odysseus uses deception, cunning and intellect to persuade others of his fabricated identities. With tales of false histories ridden with poor fortune and intertwined with half-truths allow Odysseus to establish these false identities. Identity is defined asâ€Å"the individual characteristics by which a person or thing is recognized† (dictionary.com) similarRead MoreComparing The Movie, O Brother Where Art Thou? And The Epic Greek Poem, The Odyssey,1284 Words   |  6 Pagesreason, this paper looks at the similarities that are apparent in the Coen brothers’ film, O Brother Where Art Thou? and the epic Greek poem, The Odyssey, by Homer. In p articular, special reference is given to the protagonists Ulysses in the movie and Odysseus in the poem. Without doubt, one is forced to associate the concept of the movie made in 2000 to that of the great epic poem, which is a work written around 700 B.C. Even so, it is notable that the settings of these two pieces differ in one way

Up in Arms About Intermediate Level Essay Topics?

Up in Arms About Intermediate Level Essay Topics? Choosing Intermediate Level Essay Topics Is Simple The standard of your topic will find out the grading of the paper. If you're looking for college essay examples, here's a great one below. A college essay topic may or might not be freely dependent on the student based on the course and the professor. There are several persuasive essay topics to pick from to finish your high school or college assignment. Choosing topics for argumentative essays is very important for your general success. Thanks to the correct selection of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you wish to attain in your essay, there are plenty of categories essay themes may be broken into. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. In an argumentative essay you're supposed to present arguments about either side and please so take note of important e vents and court rulings about the topics you're speaking about. There are a number of thumb rules for argumentative essay subjects to prevent clashes, yet earning a point at the exact same moment. Curriculum proposal topics is a means to try. While students may initially enjoy the idea of deciding on an essay topic, they soon understand that the determination of essay topic ideas can be a little difficult. How people will act if there won't be any rules in any respect. Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to folks who are rather interested in how you are going to manage the subsequent four years by yourself. Someone reading the title should identify issues that'll be covered. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on distinct views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. What You Don't Know About Intermediate Level Essay Topics Despite the fact that you're just beginning to compose essays, you shouldn't struggle attempting to produce something to discuss. Sure, with this kind of a substantial number of topics to pick from, picking just one may be challenging. Even if a specific research paper topic is getting plenty of buzz at the moment or other folks seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic if you don't genuinely have some kind of interest in it also. You're attempting to show colleges your very best self, therefore it might appear counterintuitive to willingly acknowledge a time you struggled. Instead of just immediately writing about your argumentative essay topic, you should first think about what it is that you're likely to put back on your paper through a procedure of brainstorming and pre-writing. College application essay topics are an important portion of an entertaining and compelling bit of writing. So without further ado, here are a few effective writing tips to generate your common app essay stick out! In general, you can observe tha t writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. Colleges can tell whenever your essay is only a form essay. Researching the topic permits you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Argumentative essay topics cover a wide number of subjects, and can be quite persuasive if a high quality essay represents them. The thesis provides you with a guideline on how best to go about with writing the essay. A proposal essay is quite straightforward to comprehend. An argumentative essay is a certain kind of academic writing. The aim is to satisfy your intended audience, whether or not it's your teacher or classmates. It's possible to also restate the ideas which you've discussed in the body paragraphs in order to make your point valid. Naturally, you can select any topic, nobody could ever know that you're describing experience that you never actually had, but don't forget that it is always simpler to tell the truth than to invent lies. Most students have a tendency to go for easy essay topics by talking about themselves, doing their very best to express their exclusive qualities and trying to stick out from the remainder of the pack. The Secret to Intermediate Level Essay Topics It is preferable to grow up in a family with a great deal of brothers and sisters. My point is that anybody can r elate to me because there are plenty of people around who aren't content with what they do to make a living. Opt for a distinctive topic that others may not think of, and whatever you select, make certain you know a lot about it! F. Bacon The main goal of the capital isn't to get as much money as possible, yet to make sure that money results in a better life. The essay is easily among the most troublesome regions of the college application approach. To provide a sound design you'll require at least three supporting facts to back this up. If it is possible to write a really convincing piece on a real-world application utilizing unique facts and research, then your opportunities receiving admission to a top level university will surely grow! The One Thing to Do for Intermediate Level Essay Topics Your stories aren't debatable. Before studying the top rated informative essay topics, it's important to ask what makes an excellent topic. Not all research paper topics are made equ al, and you would like to make certain you pick a fantastic topic before you commence writing. You only have to order a fantastic essay from experts with the greatest academic degrees in a number of fields. One particular important and appropriate subject is technology. Since you can see, several of the topics listed are new and tackle the recent issues happening in the World today. It's possible to go for an intriguing topic from any area of science. Controversial issues are happening all of the time, all you have to do is turn on the news and you're able to locate a huge collection of topics to select from. Topics on using fossil fuels and pollution control laws ought to be imposed strictly. Write about a problem which you have or wish to solve. Environmental problems ought to be handled by the united efforts of the international community.

Astronaut And Space Essay Example For Students

Astronaut And Space Essay On May 25, 1961, John F. Kennedy delivered one of the most memorable State of the Union addresses in the history of the United States. I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the earth (http://www.cs Alexander the Great EssayHistory of space flight has been very rich with accomplishments and milestones, but it appears that the world has reached a small bottleneck for technology in the area of space exploration. In addition, the lack of competition from any other country has slowed down the pace of innovation. With the Russian Space Program in shambles, as well as the whole country of Russia, the former USSR has not produced much useful technology lately. With a huge space station in the making, Russia is the only country that has not made the necessary parts for its completion, due to costly maintenance of their old space station, Mir, on which Russia and America have wo rked together on conducting experiments in the years after the USSRs break-up. With Mirs retirement, Russia now has the time and the resources to complete their part of the International Space Station which will accelerate space exploration. America has a few of its own projects going on right now, like the Galileo, the Pathfinder, and the Mars Polar Lander. Galileo is one of the probes out right now, scheduled to study the environmental conditions of Venus and Jupiter (http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov, Galileo). The Mars Pathfinder, launched 2 years ago, has recently made some important discoveries about the water content on Mars, and the climate history of the red planet. Endless information has been sent back to earth about Mars ice caps, and rock formations, which have concluded that there was standing water on Mars, including oceans and seas (http://polarlander.jpl.nasa.gov/, Pathfinder). Although the Pathfinder has set the Mars exploration mission on the right track, the recent fai lures with the Mars Polar Lander mission have set back the program. The communication with the new lander could not be established and the ship is presumed lost. Critics say that the faster, cheaper, better approach taken with the lander has actually cost the government more than $36 million, and the valuable time of building and getting a new lander in position (Associated Press, 1A). Although the present movement of the space program appears to have stalled, maybe the future holds the answers. What is in the future of the space program ? Eventually, people will settle on the planets close to earth, if not because of exploration, but because of a lack of natural resources, which is catching up with mankind. Prototypes of human habitats on Mars are being made, and NASA hopes to have humans on Mars by 2050. The International Space Station should be well on its way to being built, and should be functioning in the next five to ten years (http://polarlander.jpl.nasa.gov, Future). New ch eaper satellites and explorers are also coming in the near future. The new explorers with plasma propulsion are already in design, and are going to cost no more than one million per unit greatly slashing todays price. They are also going to have a virtually inexhaustible fuel capacity, because of the special engine design using metal for fuel. This explorer will be so affordable that they could be sent out in many directions to explore countless star systems, and still be inexpensive enough to lose (Chaikin, 60). Plans that are being talked about right now may be a little far fetched sometimes, but even if some of them will materialize, the future looking bright indeed. Forty-eight years ago, John F. Kennedy set a grand plan in motion. His State of the Union address pushed the United States to its limits. Better training methods, and many schools for future astronauts have made a big difference in the level of the training, ability and intelligence of the future crews of American spaceships. Now, even with interest dwindling, and problems piling up, Americans have to try their best to stare in the face of adversity, and look at the big picture the endless playground known as outer space. Technology Essays

Philippine Presidents free essay sample

The  Philippines officially known as the  Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia  in the  western Pacific Ocean. The Philippines is a constitutional republic with a  presidential system  of government. It is governed as a  unitary state  with the exception of the  Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao  which is largely free from the national government. The  President of the Philippines  is the  head of state  governing the country. According to the Philippine government, the office has been held by politicians who were inaugurated as  President of the Philippines  following the ratification of a constitution that explicitly declared the existence of the  Philippines Philippine Presidents, which are locally known as Ang Pangulo, are the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. Philippine Presidents serve a term of six years in office. The President of the Philippines heads the Executive Branch of the government that includes the Cabinet and all executive departments. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Presidents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The President of the Philippines is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Philippines has undergone many transitions in the government from the First Philippine Republic going to the Fifth Philippine Republic. Note that the Presidents under the Commonwealth of the Philippines were under United States sovereignty, and that of the Second Republic is considered to be a puppet government of the Japanese during World War II The country has had a total of fifteen Philippine Presidents. Below is the list of the Presidents of the Philippines. The  judicial  power is vested in the  Supreme Court, composed of a  Chief Justice  as its presiding officer and fourteen  associate justices, all of whom are appointed by the President from nominations submitted by the  Judicial and Bar Council. There have been attempts to change the government to a  federal,  unicameral, or  parliamentary government  since the Ramos administration. In order to become informed participants in a democracy, students must learn about the women and men who make decisions concerning their lives, their country, and the world. The president of the Philippines is one such leader. As a nation, we place no greater responsibility on any one individual than we do on the president. Through these lessons, students learn about the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine president and their own roles as citizens of a democracy. The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the PhilippinesThe President of the Philippines in Filipino is referred to as Ang Pangulo or Pangulo . Depending on the definition chosen for these terms, a number of persons could alternatively be considered the inaugural holder of the office. The president appoints, with consent of the Commission on Appointments, members of the Constitutional Commissions, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, or officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel or naval captain, and other officers whose appointments are vested in the President in the 1987 Constitution. The members of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president, based on a list prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. These appointments do not need the consent of the Commission on Appointments. 1 The president should provide leadership to the profession, the Board and the membership. He should also plan and chair Board and general meetings. To act as the main liaison between the Board and the executive director. 2 The president should provide leadership to the profession, the Board and the membership. He should also plan and chair Board and general meetings. To act as the main liaison between the Board and the executive director. 3 The president should provide leadership to the profession, the Board and the membership. He should also plan and chair Board and general meetings. To act as the main liaison between the Board and the executive director. General Emilio F. Aguinaldo. First President of the Republic of the Philippines. Aguinaldo’s presidential term formally began in 1898 and ended on April 1, 1901, when he took an oath of allegiance to the United States a week after his capture in Palanan, Isabela. His term also featured the setting up of the Malolos Republic, which has its own Congress, Constitution, and national and local officialdom proving Filipinos also had the capacity to build. Aguinaldo is best remembered for the proclamation of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898, in Kawit, Cavite. Manuel L. Quezon. First of the Philippine Presidents of the Commonwealth. He won the elections held in September 1935 to choose the head of the Commonwealth Government. It was a government made possible by the Tydings-McDuffie Law, which Quezon secured from the U. S. Quezon’s term (1935 1944), though chiefly known for making Pilipino the national language, tried to solve nagging problems inherited from the Spanish and American administrations. The Commonwealth Government was interrupted by the Japanese invasion of 1941. Quezon and his government were forced to go into exile in the U. S. He died on August 1, 1944, in New York. Jose P. Laurel. President of the Second Republic of the Philippines. He was elected by the National Assembly as President of the Republic on September 25, 1943 and inducted on October 14, 1943. This unicameral assembly was created through the sponsorship of the Japanese authorities. Sergio Osmena. Second President of the Philippine Commonwealth. He was elected Vice President of the Philippines in 1935 and succeeded Quezon to the Presidency in-exile. Manuel A. Roxas. Last of the Philippine Presidents of the Philippine Commonwealth. First President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He won the elections by a slim margin. He was inaugurated on July 4, 1946, the day the U. S. government granted political independence to its colony. The short-lived Roxas administration (1946 1948) embarked on a course that resulted in what were considered as his greatest achievements, namely: the ratification of the Bell Trade Act; the inclusion of the Parity Amendment in the Constitution; and the signing of the 1947 Military Bases Agreement. Roxas was not able to complete his presidential term; he died from a heart attack at Clark Air base on April 15, 1948. Elpidio Quirino. Second President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. Being the Vice President, he took over the Presidency after Roxas’ death. And, he managed to retain the position after winning over Laurel in the infamous fraud-tainted 1949 elections. The Quirino administration (1948 1953) focused on two objectives: 1) to regain faith and confidence in the government; and 2) to restore peace and order. He was more successful in the second objective – breaking the back of the Hukbalahap Movement in Central Luzon. Ramon Magsaysay. Third President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He was largely famous for his success in the peace campaign. He defeated Quirino in the 1953 presidential elections by an unprecedented margin of votes. Many regard Magsaysay as one of the Philippine Presidents whose heart truly bled for the common man. He toured the barrios, opened up Malacanang to the public, solicited and acted upon their complaints, built artesian wells and roads. He had Congress pass the Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954, providing greater protection to tenants. Death came to Magsaysay when his plane crashed at Mount Pinatubo in the early morning of March 17, 1957. Carlos P. Garcia. Fourth President of the Third Republic of the Philippines He presided over the eight months of Magsaysay’s remaining term and went on to win the 1957 elections, â€Å"the noisiest and the most expensive in Philippine history. † Garcia’s administration (1957 1961) was anchored in his austerity program. It was also noted for its Filipino First policy – an attempt to boost economic independence. Diosdado Macapagal. Fifth President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He defeated Garcia in the presidential elections of November 14, 1961. Mapacagal – who styled himself as the â€Å"poor boy† from Lubao (Pampanga) – completed pre-law and Associate in Arts at UP; however, he was a law graduate of the University of Santo Tomas. Macapagal’s administration (1961 1965) is best remembered for resetting the date of the celebration of Philippine Independence Day – from July 4 when the U. S. turned over the reins of government in 1946 to the more correct date of June 12 when Aguinaldo declared independence in 1898. Ferdinand E. Marcos. Sixth and last President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He defeated Macapagal in the 1965 presidential elections. And the two-decade era of Marcos (1965 1986) began. Marcos entered politics with an eye to eventually capturing the presidency. In his maiden campaign in 1949, he said: â€Å"Elect me your congressman now and I’ll give you an Ilokano President in 20 years. † He won that election and was returned thrice to Congress as Ilocos Norte’s congressman. In 1959, he was elected to the Philippine Senate and in 1963, he became its president. Completing the presidential term in 1969, he won a reelection . In 1972, he declared martial law. The rest, as the most infamous of Philippine Presidents is history. Corazon C. Aquino. First President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. First Woman among Philippine Presidents of the Republic of the Philippines. President from 1986 to 1992, she is associated with the EDSA Revolt. She refused to run for reelection in the 1992 presidential elections; but instead endorsed and worked very hard for her chosen candidate – Fidel V. Ramos. Fidel V. Ramos. Second President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. He was the military hero of the February 1986 Philippine People Power Revolution and victor of the first multiparty presidential elections in 1992, thus becoming the 12th President of the Republic of the Philippines. Joseph M. Estrada. Third President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. As vice president, Estrada headed an anticrime commission from 1992 to 1997. In 1998 Estrada won the Philippine presidential elections. In October 2000 he became mired in a corruption scandal, however, and the House of Representatives impeached him in November. Estrada was forced from power on January 20. That day, the Supreme Court declared the presidency vacant, effectively ousting Estrada from office, and Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was sworn in as president. Gloria M. Arroyo. Fourth of the Philippine Presidents of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. She is the incumbent President. She replaced deposed president Joseph Estrada midway through his six-year term. She is the 14th president of the republic and the second woman to hold the office. Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino II   also known as  Noynoy Aquino  or  PNoy , is a  Filipino  politician who has been the  15th  and current  President of the Philippines  since June 2010. 3][5][6] Aquino is a fourth-generation politician: his great-grandfather,  Servillano Mianong Aquino, served as a  delegate  to the  Malolos Congress;[7]  his grandfather,  Benigno Aquino, Sr. , served as  Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives  from 1943 to 1944;[8]  and his parents were Preside nt  Corazon Aquino  and Senator  Benigno Ninoy Aquino, Jr. Aquino is a member of the  Liberal Party. [9]  In the  Liberal Party, Aquino held various positions such as Secretary General and Vice President forLuzon. Aquino is currently the  Chairman  of the Liberal Party The line of Philippine Presidents is considered to be continuous in spite of many changes in  constitutions  and forms of government. While  Emilio Aguinaldo  is traditionally considered to be the first, and youngest ever, Philippine president, the revolutionary  Republica Filipina, formed after the  Philippine revolution, was not recognized by other states at that time (although it is now considered to be the first Southeast Asian republic). Following the  Philippine-American War, the United States created the  Philippine Commonwealth, supposed to be a transitional government in preparation for full independence. Manuel L. Quezon, the first President of the Commonwealth and the first Philippine President elected into office, was considered by the United States to be the first Philippine President of the first Philippine Republic. At one point, the Philippines had two presidents heading two governments at the same time. This occurred during  World War II, when Japan occupied the country. One president was  Manuel L. Quezon  heading the  Commonwealth  government-in-exile in America(considered  de jure) and the other was  J. P. Laurel, who had been instructed by Quezon to remain in Manila, heading the Japanese-sponsored republic (considered  de facto). Laurel, however, was not formally recognized as a Philippine president until the  Macapagaladministration. However, as Laurels puppet republic was formally rejected after  World War II  and none of its statutes or actions were considered legal or binding, it would be inaccurate to consider Laurel the successor of Osmena or vice versa. Laurel, the first and only President of the  Second Republic, had no predecessor and successor, while Osmena was Quezons successor and Roxas was Osmenas successor. Ferdinand Marcos  (1965-1986) was the President with the longest term (over twenty years) and the most reelections (four, counting the  1986 snap elections). He was first elected in 1965 to serve a four-year term. Since under the  1935 Constitution, a President may run for reelection but may not serve for more than 8 years, he was reelected in 1969, to serve until 1972. Before his term ended, however, he declared  Martial Law  in 1972, which allowed him to stay in power until it was lifted in 1981. In 1973, however, he called for aConstitutional Convention, which produced the  1973 Constitution, under which the President has a six-year term but has no limitation on reelection. In 1981, Marcos was reelected for the third time. He called for a  snap election  in 1986 to allay escalating public discontent, and was again proclaimed the winner. However, he was ousted shortly afterwards by theEDSA People Power Revolution. To date, he is also the last Senate President to be elected President of the Philippines (the first Senate President to be elected Philippine President was  Manuel L. Quezon, who served the second longest term (nine years, from 1935 until his death in 1944) and the second most number of reelections (he was reelected twice). ) Marcos’s successor was the Philippines’ first female President,  Corazon Aquino, installed as President by the  EDSA Revolution of 1986. The second female President is  Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, also installed as President by the so-called  EDSA Dos  which ousted  Joseph Estrada. Estrada is now the first Philippine President to be tried and convicted of plunder committed during his term of office | | | |