Value Of Education Essays - , Term Papers

Estimation of Education A couple of days back, as I was having lunch with companions, I entered a warmed discussion about the value of training. I ought not need to learn variable based math and analytics in light of the fact that it will have no effect on my life, my rival irately yelled as I attempted to safeguard the helpfulness of science. After three days, I still mul l over the issue, attempting to show up at the starting point of the uniqueness of perspectives betw een my rival and me. I treasure all of information I gain, in or out of school. At the point when somebody fights that a specific scholastic field or domain of inf ormation has no applications, I feel constrained to exhibit the deception of such a contention by refering to a model from my life. As a center schooler in Moscow, Russia, I took English for a long time. A considerable lot of my companions protested about going to the course, resolute in their conviction that these aptitudes would be rarely utilized. In any case, a few, including myself, felt that any proposal of information was to be acknowledged and put away for conceivable sometime in the future. Lo and see, three years after I pursued my first English class, I ended up living in the United States, sending true thank you letters to my English educator for providing me with basic instincts. On the off chance that I had not paid attention to my group, my mix into the American culture would have taken any longer. My demeanor toward learning has not changed since. Endeavoring to exceed expectations in each class I take, I see training in all territories as applicable to my life, instead of remote. I attempt to interface each bit of new data either to my expected field of study (Physics/Mathematics) or to individual illumination. Satisfying my witticism, The proportion of learning is its application, I set myself up for all circumstances and accomplish well-roundedness.

Strategic Planning Analysis of Westpac Corporation

Question: Talk about theStrategic Planningfor Analysis of Westpac Corporation. Answer: Presentation The event of financial boundaries has adversely affected the exhibition of most organizations. The financial division is one of the significant regions that have advanced innovative exercises in the most pieces of the globe. For example, the activity of offering modest credits to support financial specialists in Australia made another age of people who were spurred to obtain monetary autonomy. Be that as it may, in spite of the part being the foundation of monetary advancements in a nation, the industry faces an expansive scope of difficulties. For example, the industry faces furious rivalry from different banks and money related organization, at that point, at times, the State detailing of horrible guidelines in regards to the financing costs the establishments are required to charge its clients (Grant, et al. 2011). In defeating a portion of the difficulties, Westpac Banking Corporation has built up different systems that have moderately given it a serious edge over the adversaries. For example, the organization has adjusted its business goals to client fragments by having client confronting divisions (Grundy, 2006, p.213-239). These fragments incorporate shopper banks, which handles deals and purchaser clients. The subsequent division is Business Bank, which handles little to medium ventures, agri-business, and business customers. The third class is BT Financial Group Australia area bargains in the matter of riches and protection. The fourth division is Westpac New Zealand which offers a scope of money related administrations to organizations, business and purchaser clients in New Zealand. At that point, at last, the Westpac Institutional Bank offers some money related types of assistance to government, establishments, corporate and business clients interfacing Australia and New Zealand. This b roadening of business portfolios is instrumental in pushing the organization towards progress. The multifaceted nature in the financial business vitally expects organizations to build up a reasonable procedure for them for development. It is the technique Westpac has consistently applied to accomplish the status it has now. As opposed to which wasteful aspects in the tasks will enter the organization and a culture of laxity may enter the association (Nongo, et al. 2012). Incapable operational systems represent insufficient workers center and the organization will in the long run lose course. Thus, the association will lose the serious edge. Further, understanding the vision, strategic, qualities and destinations goes about as a guide for coordinating the association towards the correct course. Moreover, the investigation of the interior and outer condition is basic for concocting a methodology that will help improve the presentation of a partnership and guide it towards flourishing (Rothaermel, 2008, p. 201-225). In this way, the paper has investigated the key getting ready for Westpac Banking Corporation. The conversation has dissected the companys vision, strategic qualities articulations and their propriety to the accomplishment of the essential goals. Also, the paper has secured the objectives of the bank and its suitability. Moreover, the inside and outside situations have been routed to discover the companys quality and shortcomings to help in the advancement of operational techniques that best suits the business (Thompson, et al. 2014). Westpac Corporation and the Industry As prior noticed the bank is among the main four budgetary establishments in Australia. The thirteen million clients evidently show how really well the bank is performing. The lengthy visit in the business gives it a decent notoriety and picture and furthermore upgrades the work of trust by clients. The defense of the proposition depends on the present execution of the organization. In the event that it could be an exploitative organization, the quantity of client base could be little. Likewise, the organization couldn't have developed to this level. It is in this manner very evident that Westpac Corporation is a settled association, with a key concentration and offers need to clients interests (Kitchen, Burgmann, 2015, p.212-216). In Australia, the financial business is serious. The seriousness radiates from the way that Australia has such huge numbers of banking and money related organizations. In the occasion a bank neglects to offer best administrations to its customers, the danger of losing a noteworthy number of the clients to the contenders is high to such an extent that may adversely affect on its exhibition (Hemmatfar, et al. 2010). Other than rivalry, the industry is looked by financial limits. The economy of Australia shifts with regular changes. Since banks execution relies upon the consistent quality of the economy. Outstandingly, a decrease in the pioneering activities consequently influences the banks. Hence, the foundation of viable techniques and significant help by the workers at the execution ensures the accomplishment of a financial establishment or some other organization. Vision, Mission and Core Values of Westpac Banking Corporation The vision proclamation for Westpac Banking Corporation is to rise as the universes incredible money related administrations supplier, helping clients, networks and individuals to thrive and develop. The statement of purpose is to be a main supplier of monetary administrations in the Australian and New Zealand Markets. This crucial vision articulation is suitable for the association in that it empowers the organization to contend in the financial business well. The framework has installed the organization basic beliefs in the way of life to help the clients. These qualities energize collaboration, which guarantees cooperating to convey the best to the clients and pleasing clients where they try to put a sharp eye and controls with the goal that they can comprehend their desires. Another worth is fearlessness, where the Westpac group will be sufficiently striking to deal with change, not dreading the better approach for directing exercises (Ireland, et al. 2008). At long last, they have an incentive to look for business, group and individual accomplishment. These qualities are appropriate for Westpac Banking Corporation since they offer thought to all parts of the association that is fundamental for the development and again line up with the vision and crucial the association. The compatibilities of the qualities with association goals make effectiveness and keep up laborers center around meeting the companys key points. Targets of Westpac Banking Corporation Targets provide guidance and show the concentration and the correct method to follow. The targets ought to be explored each year to guarantee that the association adapts to the changing industry condition. It assists with adjusting the dangers and returns consequently advancing development. Westpac Banking Corporation has different goals in accordance with execution. It anticipates being the most performing bank in Australia. Additionally, it is resolved to: accomplish an administration balance between returns, development, and efficiency, to keep up high capital levels to accumulate for partners prerequisites, to improve financing types to subsidize decent variety for clients and to keep up resource portfolio. These presentation targets target improving the exhibition and maintainability of the business (Hill, 2008, p. 423-440). Further, the Corporation has goals in accordance with the administration authority. These destinations are to: give the best client experience with respect to items and administrations offered by the association, to deal with the setting based encounters of the customer, to procure new clients. These destinations are to guarantee that the association gets a decent number of customers and that get the chance to be the best involvement with the association. The association likewise has focuses to think about computerized change (Daneshvar, et al. 2010). It includes the utilization of innovation to: disentangle the activity with respect to the administrations and procedure, to make a recently digitized bank and to take a shot at the effectiveness openings from utilizing current innovation. This target guarantees that the organization boosts the most recent innovation and each possibility that originates from it. Westpac Banking Corporation has objectives that focus on the development of the organization. The goals seek after the development openings and spotlight on the development of little and medium undertakings in the district of activity. It will guarantee that the association development is contemplated. Finally, the association has targets that attention on client assistance and workforce insurgency (Chen, et al. 2006). These objectives are to concentrate on client care, to fortify the aptitudes of the workforce that serve the clients, to assist workforce with being imaginative in serving clients. These goals are appropriate for the Westpac Banking Corporation since they are very much lined up with its dreams. These goals likewise are in arrangement with the crucial the association which is to be a main supplier of money related administrations in the Australian and New Zealand Markets. What's more, the destinations are likewise very much lined up with the basic beliefs making them fitting for the partnership. Natural Analysis of the Westpac Banking Corporation SWOT examination is a proper device for the investigation of the Corporation outer condition. The device is fundamental in assessing the business circumstance. By a keen investigate Westpac Banking Corporation utilizing the methodology, one can recognize the shortcoming and dangers to its activity (Fleisher, 2003, p.59). It presents a reasonable chance to do what is important to the business in dealing with operational difficulties to improve the administration. Accordingly, it is significant for any Westpac Banking Corporation to examine the business condition to understand an effective route for achievement in the business (Belch, 2014, p.31-34). To begin with the qualities, it investigates factors that favor Westpac Banking Corporation over different contenders (Rugman, et al. 2008). With respect to viewpoint, Westpac Banking Corporation is similarly superior to th

How to Make Friends Without Alcohol

How to Make Friends Without Alcohol Addiction Coping and Recovery Print How to Make Friends Without Alcohol By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 02, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 24, 2020 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use One of the reasons that drinking is so popular is that many drinkers find it helpful in social situationsâ€"at least, in low doses. Research with untreated heavy drinkers shows that for many of them, drinking alcohol is central to their social life, and they cannot imagine a life without alcohol. Instead of thinking of all the things they could be doing that do not involve alcohol, they imagine being the lone guy in the pub, sipping on a pint of orange juice, while their friends enjoy beers all around them.?? Those whose lives have not revolved around alcohol know that the world is full of other possibilities, but these can all seem quite alien to a hardened drinker. Making friends without drinking alcoholâ€"both as a confidence-booster and as a social activityâ€"can be a challenge for some people, especially those who have recently quit drinking. And while for some people, responsible drinking is a reasonable goal, for others, no alcohol is the best choice. Heres how to do it.?? Cheap Things to Do Without Food or Alcohol There are two steps to socializing without alcohol. The first step, which is the focus of this article, involves figuring out what you would like to do with your time that doesnt involve alcohol. The second is a process of building up the social skills that you feel you lack, so you dont need alcohol as a prop.?? Focus on finding non-drinking activities that you enjoy. Then practice building social skills that will help you connect with others without needing alcohol to facilitate friendships. People who are used to drinking as a way of spending their free time may either think of social activities as revolving around alcoholâ€"for example, going to bars or pubs, or they may see alcohol as a necessary supplement to other social activities, such as watching sports while drinking.?? If your focus has previously been situations focused on alcohol, such as bars or pubs, it may be the automatic acceptance you receive from fellow-drinkers that makes socializing in this way appealing to you. You just show up, order a drink, and you have a group of ready-made friends. Yet these are not real friendships, based on truly knowing one another, but rather, a way of alleviating loneliness. You get back what you put into a friendship, so the chances of the people having any commitment to you beyond buying you a beer are low.?? How to Serve Alcohol in Your Home Without Your Guests Getting Drunk Just Show Up To replace this kind of superficial friendship, it is best to think of other activities where you will automatically be accepted, just for showing up. There are a variety of activities like thisâ€"you simply need to think of what you might enjoy instead of drinking. One tip to help with this is to think about what you have enjoyed doing, no matter how little you tried it (or even if you have never tried it, but would like to), and not to think about what your drinking friends would think or say about you doing the activity. Drinkers will think of a thousand  excuses to avoid doing anything that doesnt involve alcohol, and the peer pressure to keep just spending all your time and money with them can be shaming and unhelpful to you moving on with your life.?? The bottom line: Dont avoid activities just because there wont be alcohol involved. You might find that you enjoy these events without needing to drink. Physical Activities If you enjoy physical activity, there is no shortage of sports clubs and lessons, walking and running groups, and outdoor activities that simply require you to sign up and pay a fee. You may resent paying the fee, feeling like you shouldnt have to pay for the company, but the cost will probably be equivalent to, or less than, the cost of drinking. Or, you can find a free walking or running group, or even start your own, by advertising on a local online board, such as Craigslist. Intellectual and Cultural Activities If you dont enjoy physical activity, you might enjoy intellectual or cultural activities, such as joining a book club or visiting your local art gallery. You will soon find opportunities to connect with others who share these interests. If you have enjoyed being creative yourself, there are many opportunities to develop these skills alongside others, whether it is visual arts, music, or writing you prefer. Volunteering Volunteering is another great way to easily connect with people over a shared interest. This can be helping promote a cause or charity that you care about, but you are not limited to these options. Many other opportunities for volunteering exist, and most communities have offices that can help you find a good match. Once you have found the right activity, the next step is to develop your social skills. How to Drink (a Little) More Responsibly

Management of Bipolar Disorder in Adults and Diagnosis in...

Management of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder when individuals experience episodes of mania and depression. The medications used in treating bipolar disorder have been effective when properly diagnosed, but there is a risk of suicide while undergoing therapy. Treatments for bipolar disorder our on the market but they can only treat the mania or the depression, which is why the patient needs to be under supervision. When a person does not follow the prescribed course of treatment the risk of suicide increases. Another problem with bipolar disorder is that it can be misdiagnosed in teenagers in going though puberty. There are two forms of bipolar disorder, bipolar I†¦show more content†¦Lithium or valproic acid also known as depakene is used for treating the manic side of the disease. Carbamazephine or tegretol can be used in treating rapid cycling manic episodes. A benzodiazephine can be used under extreme caution because it has habit forming qualities. When the patient cycles back to depression a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor also known as SSR or bupropion also known as Welbutrin is used. Some antidepressants should not be used, such as tricyclics, because they induce rapid cycling between mania and depression. All of the information above was taken from an article by Kim S. Griswold and Lind F. Pessar in the September 15, 2000 issue of the American Family Physician. In the past adolescent children were rarely diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Diagnosing bipolar disorder in children is a very confusing and complex process. It is thought that the onset of puberty is a trigger to bipolar disorder. Since they are still young they might use illegal drugs to control their mood swings instead of getting the appropriate help. It is hard to diagnosis this because some children experience many episode changes throughout the day wile others will only have a few episodes throughout the year. When the child has many episodes throughout the day it could be confused for ADHD. Right now the FDA isShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder And Its Effects On Children1247 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder or manic-depressive illness is a brain disorder that can affect one’s mood and ability to complete tasks. Bipolar disorder in children is under studied for many reasons. These include, lack of awareness and the difference in the diseas e seen in adults and children that can make it difficult to continue studies. Bipolar disorder has not been well studied despite harmful effects on growth and development in a child. As the child grows up, bipolar disorder mayRead MoreThe Dsm 5 : Bipolar And Related Disorders1693 Words   |  7 PagesThe DSM-5(2013) section on Bipolar and related disorders includes diagnoses for Bipolar I disorder, Bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder, substance/medication induced bipolar and related disorder, bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition, other specified bipolar and related disorder and unspecified bipolar and related disorder there is no classification for pediatric or early onset bipolar disorder. Though there is the following statement â€Å"the recognition that many individualsRead MorePrevalence Rate For Bipolar I Disorder1552 Words   |  7 Pagesprevalence rate for Bipolar I Disorder is 0.6% and the 12-month prevalence rate is 0.4% of the overall population (Merikangas et al, 2011). The United States had the highest reported lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders with 4.4% and a 12-month prevalence of 2.8%. In additio n, lifetime prevalence rates for bipolar I disorder were found to be slightly higher in males than in females. While much of the reported prevalence rates for bipolar disorder are based on adults 18 years and olderRead MoreClinical Outcome Research Regarding Pediatric Bipolar Disorder950 Words   |  4 PagesClinical Outcome Research Regarding Pediatric Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder is a life-impacting condition that is often chronic, creates significant impairment, and is marked by a cycling between depressive and manic episodes. These episodes are manifested by unusual and extreme shifts in mood, energy levels, and behaviors that interfere with executive functioning (Wilkinson, Taylor, Holt, 2002). Divided into two levels of diagnosis; Bipolar I Disorder is defined by the occurrence of a manic episodeRead MoreChildren With Bipolar Disorder : The National Institute Of Mental Health1590 Words   |  7 PagesPeters Research Essay Professor Wissman November 5, 2015 Children with Bipolar Disorder The National Institute of Mental Health has defined bipolar disorder as a serious mental illness that is marked by extreme changes in mood that range between two states: manic and depressive. Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is classified as a mood disorder. This disorder goes beyond the typical ups and downs. Bipolar disorder is becoming more prevalent and a much more serious medical conditionRead MoreThe Effects of Bipolar Disorder on Children and Their Families1778 Words   |  8 Pagesand these mood changes have been identified as disorders. One example, bipolar disorder is perhaps one of the oldest known diseases. It has grown into one of the most common illnesses that people of every age, culture, and gender must deal with on an everyday basis. In recent times bipolar disorder has become quite prevalent in children and adolescents causing and increased concern and interest in this area. Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder, characterized by recurrent manic or hypomanicRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1206 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder causes unusual changes in moods, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day to day functions. This disorder was previously known as Manic- Depressive Illness. There are four types of Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar I disorder is characterized by extreme manic episodes with some depression episodes as well. Bipolar II Disorder is characterized by major depressive episodes with some episodes of hypomania. Hypomania is not as high as mania’s characterized in Bipolar I DisorderRead MoreChildren With Bipolar Disorder : The National Institute Of Mental Health1752 Words   |  8 PagesEssay Child Adolescent Dev. Professor Wissman November 5, 2015 Children with Bipolar Disorder The National Institute of Mental Health has defined bipolar disorder as a serious mental illness that is marked by extreme changes in mood that range between two states: manic and depressive. Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is classified as a mood disorder. This disorder goes beyond the typical ups and downs. Bipolar disorder is becoming more prevalent amongst children and teenagersRead MoreUnderstanding Bipolar Disorder in Children4023 Words   |  17 PagesUnderstanding Bipolar Disorder in Children by Patricia Oakes November 6, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..i INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 FINDING AND CONCLUSIONS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 LIVING DAILY LIFE: HELPING YOUR TEEN AT HOME AND SCHOOL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 HOW CAN YOU WORK TOGETHER WITH YOUR CHILD’S TEACHERS?....3 SCHOOL amp; THE CHILD WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 DISORDERS THAT CAN ACCOMPANY BIPOLAR DISORDER†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 WORKING WITH THE SCHOOLS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreYouth With Bipolar Disorder Type I- An Exploratory Study Essay3661 Words   |  15 Pages PRODROME OF MANIA IN YOUTH WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER TYPE I- AN EXPLORATORY STUDY THESIS SUBMITTED IN PART OF FULFILLMENT OF THE REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES (INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE) FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF MEDICINE IN PSYCHIATRY BY DR. LAVANYA P SHARMA DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES (INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE) BANGALORE, 560029 2017 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES

The American Colonies During Colonial America - 1229 Words

Dinner! That simple word can inspire lots of emotions and excitement. If called to dinner, one would run in to eat a hot meal. In Colonial America dinner was the main meal of the day. The food that was served and how it was prepared depended on which region and what ingredients were available. Starvation was real in early American colonies. It was so bad in the beginning that in the first year, â€Å"Two desperate colonists were tied to posts and left to starve as punishment for raiding the colonies stores. One colonist even took to cannibalism, eating his own wife.† The American colonies from 1600-1775 consisted of three main regions, New England colonies, the Middle Colonies, and The Southern colonies. Each region developed a unique cooking style and used local ingredients common to that area. The Middle colonies had a longer growing season than the New England colonies and had better soil to plant, so they had more options for food sources. In addition to that, more animals were available to them year round. The Southern colonies also had very fertile soil and long growing seasons, and the plantation provided an abundance of food, most of which was prepared by the slaves. The slaves also brought some of their own plants and style of spicy cooking with them. The New England colonies had the hardest time, with short growing seasons, poor soil or rocky soil, and cold long winters. Without the help of the Native Americans and the ingenuity of the colonists, survival of theShow MoreRelatedAmerican Life in the Seventeenth Century: Study Notes1206 Wo rds   |  5 PagesEnglish migrants to the North American colonies were laborers. 2. By 1700, English colonial landowners began to rely more heavily on African slavery because of a declining birthrate in England. 3. Regarding colonial life expectancy during the seventeenth century, life expectancy in New England was unusually high. 4. In the seventeenth century, white women in colonial Chesapeake averaged one pregnancy for every two years of marriage. 5. Compared to women in colonial Chesapeake, New EnglandRead More Seven Years War Essay example661 Words   |  3 PagesYears War proved to be a crossroads in the history of British colonial rule in America. Britain was victorious, but after defeating her French foes (along with their Indian allies), Britain was left to contemplate the ramifications of a war that would leave her relationship with her American colonies altered forever. This change would eventually lead to conflict between the colonies and Britain, and ultimately the Declaration of American Independence. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In order to understandRead MoreApush Chapter 5 Guided Reading Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesCHAPTER 5: COLONIAL SOCIETY ON THE EVE OF REVOLUTION: 1700-1775 Conquest by the Cradle Know: Thirteen Original Colonies 1. What was the significance of the tremendous growth of population in Britains North American colonies? Britain had an advantage over America with their population in 1700. If Americans wanted to revolt, Britain would outnumber them 25 to 1. However, in 1775, with the population increase (and continuing to increase), Britain’s advantage was weakening. There were now onlyRead MoreThe New Of Colonial America1119 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica Colonial America was the era when America was made up of different colonies; in this case there were thirteen. Colonial America lasted from 1587 to 1770, 183 years long. As said before, there were thirteen colonies: four New England colonies, four Middle colonies, and five Southern colonies. The New England colonies were New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts, otherwise known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 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It was during this period that the British began to colonize the Americas, and, by the early 1700s, just a couple hundred years later, there were an estimated 250,900 people living in the American colonies. As the colonies grew more autonomous and a number of political issues developed in Britain, the BritishRead MoreEssay about The Independence of Spainish Colonies in America1174 Words   |  5 PagesThe Spanish empire in the Americas faced huge political, social and economic problems in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The empire was stretched to its limit politically and socially with the threat of an uprising from the slave population in its empire. The economy also played a major role and the outlook was just as bleak for Spain with the American colonies drifting towards independence. Spain did not seem able to cope with its empire and had found itself in trouble with regards toRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States Of America1714 Words   |  7 PagesProtests that Built the United States of America Edward Abbey is quoted as saying, â€Å"A patriot must always be ready to defend his country against his government† (Abbey). During the 18th century, this is precisely how the United States of America transformed from a group of colonies that served their mother country of England to a completely independent nation founded on the basic principles of democracy. What led to this great transformation and how were these colonists able to break away fromRead MoreChristopher Columbus And The American Revolution Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesindependence from the British, America started out as colonies of the British Empire. Being under subjugation, yet there were events that took place prior the occupation of the British Empire. Prior to the occupation, Christopher Columbus set sail to the New World, the Vikings were the first Europeans that had arrived before Christopher Columbus. The history prior to the American Revolution is quite an excellent topic for it gives the peopl e more insight what America was like prior to the BritishRead MoreEssay on The Making of America1371 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the colonial period, what were the factors that hindered or promoted a sense of national identity? At what point did nationalism become a major influence and why? The making of America; many factors that promoted the national identity began with the very first colonist that came to North America. In our primary text, it describes around the late 17th century the British Government established a board to govern the trade of the kingdom. Its purpose was to manage the colonies and plantations

The Necessity of Urban Local Government Institutions Free Essays

Asia Research Centre Working Paper 19 Challenges for Urban Local Governments in India Written by Rumi Aijaz Rumi Aijaz was Visiting Research Fellow at Asia Research Centre in 2006. E-mail: rumi_pvg@rediffmail. com A section of this working paper has been accepted for publication in a forthcoming issue of the Journal of Asian and African Studies, by Sage Publications Ltd. We will write a custom essay sample on The Necessity of Urban Local Government Institutions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Copyright  © Rumi Aijaz, 2007 All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of research or private study, or criticism or review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce this Working Paper or any part thereof should be sent to the author, and to the editor at the address below: Asia Research Centre (ARC) London School of Economics Political Science Houghton Street London WC2A 2AE www. lse. ac. uk/collections/asiaResearchCentre Abstract Urban local government institutions/municipalities are constituted for the maintenance and planned development of urban areas. The objective is to ensure that suitable levels of infrastructure and services are available to the citizens. In many parts of India, the quality of life in urban areas is miserable and the citizens lead a difficult life. To overcome this problem, a series of reforms have been initiated by the Indian government to strengthen local-level governance. The main purpose of this working paper is to describe the major issues of governance at the local level and to identify some important challenges for urban local government institutions in India in the light of recent urban sector reforms. This assessment is based on data collected from six urban centres situated in three northern/north-western states (namely Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttaranchal) of India on key urban local government characteristics – constitution and governance, duties, composition, management and finance practices, state/local-level initiatives and problems. The findings of this study show that urban local governments in India continue to remain plagued by numerous problems, which affect their performance in the efficient discharge of their duties. These problems relate to the extent of participation and rule of law in the municipal decisionmaking process, transparency in the planning and implementation of infrastructure projects, and level of efficiency in various municipal management and finance practices. It is concluded that fresh thinking is necessary to resolve the problems confronting urban local governments in India. 7 7 H H P ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? G  ¤ ? ? ?   3   ¤ ?  ? ?   ¦  F   $   ? %   ¦ !   ! I E ! 8 7 ? ? ? ? ?  ¤ ?  %   ) ?  ¤ ? ( % ?   § ?  ? )    ¤   ?    ¦ ? $  #  ?  §  †  ? !  ¦    ¤  §    ¤   ¦ ?   § ?  ¦ ? ? (   ? B @ 0 9  %  ? 3 3 8 D 7 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? % ? C ? $  ¦ ?   %  ?  ? B ?  3  ? A       ?   ¦    @  9  %  ? 3 3 8 4 6 7 0 ? ? 4 1 ? 0 ?  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? How to cite The Necessity of Urban Local Government Institutions, Essay examples

Journal of Seismology for Project Management - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theJournal of Seismology for Project Management Journal. Answer: This paper explores the approaches of identifying the components of a project. The product-based planning is a significant part of the PRINCE2 method which is used in recognizing the deliverables of a project (Bentley, 2010). On the other hand, the work or activity-based approach involves designing the office in a way that the work and the activities are supported instead of creating boundaries around the users (Engestrm, 2014). The two approaches compares since they are concerned on the project deliverables. However, I prefer the work or activity-based approach since it is designed for the office and every individual engages in the activities. Key reasons why the project estimates go wrong are the false analogies, the case where the project was estimated by decree, the false precision, subjectivity, the too coarse grained and the neglecting coordination (Flyvbjerg, 2014). Various methods of project estimation are the expert judgment method, the analogous or comparative method, the top-down, the bottom-up, and the parametric method of estimation. I think the expert judgment is better for project estimation since it is common. People can easily understand the needs which needs to be delivered. At the same time, experts can be found who should work on a certain project. There are various risk identification tools and techniques. They include the reviews for documentation, the Delphi method, and information searching methods, interviewing, and brainstorming (Bommer, Crowley Pinho, 2015). Risk mitigation involves employing strategies to minimize the negative impacts. The main response strategies for risk mitigation are: avoidance which involves the elimination of risky tasks examples time and resources. Acceptance involves risk planning for the project examples the costs, time, and resources. Prepare and monitor used for main risks, an example is monitoring schedule for an x personnel and it exceeds the y personnel. References Bentley, C. (2010). Prince2: a practical handbook. Routledge. Bommer, J. J., Crowley, H., Pinho, R. (2015). A risk-mitigation approach to the management of induced seismicity. Journal of Seismology, 19(2), 623-646. Engestrm, Y. (2014). Activity theory and learning at work. In Ttigkeit-Aneignung-Bildung (pp. 67-96). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Flyvbjerg, B. (2014). What you should know about megaprojects and why: An overview. Project Management Journal, 45(2), 6-19.

Stephen King Reading To Write Essay Example For Students

Stephen King Reading To Write Essay If you have an imagination, let it run free. Steven King, 1963The King of TerrorStephen Edwin King is one of todays most popular and best selling writers. King combines the elements of psychological thrillers, science fiction, the paranormal, and detective themes into his stories. In addition to these themes, King sticks to using great and vivid detail that is set in a realistic everyday place. Stephen King who is mainly known for his novels, has broadened his horizons to different types of writings such as movie scripts, nonfiction, autobiographies, childrens books, and short stories. While Stephen King might be best known for his novels The Stand and It, some of his best work that has been published are his short stories such as The Body and Quitters Inc. Kings works are so powerful because he uses his experience and observations from his everyday life and places them into his unique stories. Stephen Edwin King was born in Portland, Maine, on September 21, 1947, at the Maine Genera l Hospital. Stephen, his mother Nellie, and his adopted brother David were left to fend for themselves when Stephens father Donald, a Merchant Marine captain, left one day, to go the store to buy a pack of cigarettes, and never returned. His fathers leaving had a big indirect impact on Kings life. In the autobiographical work Danse Macabre, Stephen King recalls how his family life was altered: After my father took off, my mother, struggled, and then landed on her feet. My brother and I didnt see a great deal of her over the next nine years. She worked a succession of continuous low paying jobs. Stephens first outlooks on life were influenced by his older brother and what he figured out on his own. While young Stephen and his family moved around the North Eastern and Central United States. When he was seven years old, they moved to Stratford, Connecticut. Here is where King got his first exposure to horror. One evening he listened to the radio adaptation of Ray Bradburys story Mars I s Heaven! That night King recalls he slept in the doorway, where the real and rational light of the bathroom bulb could shine on my face (Beaham 16). Stephen Kings exposure to oral storytelling on the radio had a large impact on his later writings. King tells his stories in visual terms so that the reader would be able to see what was happening in their own mind, somewhat in the same fashion the way it was done on the radio (Beaham 17). Kings fascination with horror early on continued and was pushed along only a couple weeks after Bradburys story. One day little Stephen was looking through his mothers books and came across one named The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. After his mother finished reading the book to him, Stephen was hooked. He immediately asked her to read it again. King recalls that summer when I was seven, my mother must have read it to me half a dozen times(Beaham 17). Ironically that same year, while Stephen was still seven years old, he went to go see his first horror movie, The Creature from the Black Lagoon. This is important because Stephen says, Since the movie, I still see things cinematically. I write down everything I see. What I see, it seems like a movie to me(Beaham 17). During this year the biggest event that probably had the biggest impact on Stephen Kings writing style was the discovery of the author H. P. Lovecraft. King would later write of Lovecraft, He struck with the most force, and I still think, for all his shortcomings, he is the best writer of horror fiction that America has yet produced(Beaham 22). In many of Lovecrafts writings he always used his present surroundings as the back drop of his stories. King has followed in his footsteps with the fictional town of Castle Rock, Maine. Castle Rock is a combination of several towns that King moved to and from with his family in his childhood. The main town that it resembles is that of Durham, Maine. It was after the exposure to H. P. Lovecrafts stories that King fi rst began to write. .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565 , .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565 .postImageUrl , .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565 , .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565:hover , .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565:visited , .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565:active { border:0!important; } .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565:active , .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565 .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1958fd7011f5f4dcd7e85e8a44559565:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rizal, a True Hero? Sample Essay We will write a custom essay on Stephen King Reading To Write specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While growing up and moving around the way his family did, Stephen had never been able to feel comfortable and settle down in one place and make friends they way other kids his age did (Underwood 77). Around the age of twelve the King family finally settled in the town of Durham, Maine. For Stephen King, Durham was the place where his imagination began to shine. It was at this time that Stephen first began to make friends. Along with his friends, Stephen would go the movies a lot. Stephen would use the movies as a inspiration. Although he enjoyed going out and having fun, whenever he would come home, Stephen would immediately write down his experiences and observations. Frequently King would place his friends and family into childhood fantasy tales. And one would always know how Stephen felt about them because of how long they lived in the story. It was not until college that Stephen King received any kind of real recognition for his writings. In the Fall of 1967, King finished his f irst novel, The Long Walk, and turned it into his sophomore American Literature professor for review. After a couple of weeks and a couple rounds around the department, the English professors were stunned. They realized that they had a real writer on their hands. ;From then until he graduated with a bachelors degree in English from University of Maine at Orono in the Spring of 1970, King concentrated on rounding off the edges of his writing technique. One short story that best shows the type and technique of Stephen Kings writing is The Body. The Body, which has been adapted into to a Hollywood movie, was first published in the collection of short stories called Different Seasons. The story is a tale of four twelve year old friends who at the end of one summer go out on a journey in into the woods to see a dead body. While on their journey they learn about life, friendship, and are propelled from innocent to experienced. On the surface of the story it appears to be simple journey wi th its occasional mishaps, but the true magnificence is that this story has a strong autobiographical coincidence. The main character, Gordie Lachance, is a boy growing up on his own through the memory of his dead older brother. Growing up, Gordie, an avid story teller, dreamed of becoming a writer. Before his brothers accidental death, all his parents would ever care about was his brother. Since his death, Gordies parents have presumably shut themselves away from Gordie. This, to a certain degree is true of King. Because of his father leaving when Stephen was two, and his mother taking on around the clock jobs, he never really had any parental guidance. The story itself is written with Gordie narrating in the present time look back at the journey. At the time of his flashback, Gordie is a best selling author who has returned to his home town of Castle Rock to revisit his past. This is ironic because at the time Stephen wrote the story he himself had just moved from Bolder, Colorado , back home to the town of Bangor. Kings childhood home town of Durham is used in several different stories under the fictional town name of Castle Rock. It is also noticeable how in the story when Gordie looks back to him and his brother, his brother is the only person who cares for him. He noticeably goes out of his way to look out for Gordie, and is always encouraging his and asking him about his writing, while all his parents seem to do is ignore Gordie. This also can be related to Kings past because while growing up his brother while only two years older then him, always seemed to be there for Stephen and look out for him. Probably the deepest imagery of the story is at the end of the novel. Gordie is shown back at home and putting the finishing touches on his latest work. While finishing up, Gordie is interrupted by his son who is shown in a sense to be a good-natured and caring boy. Gordie experiences a deep love for his family at the time. This setup is presumably placed in the story as an escape for King. In his autobiography Danse Macabre, King tells of his fear of providing for and caring for a family (Reino 112). This shows King pushing away the fear, in a sense saying that he is all right. That he has now embraced the idea. One of Kings best work is also one that does not fit in any category of his usual writings. For an author who usually writes horror, Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption, is a story that is a refreshing sidestep. The story tells of how Andy Dufresne, who is falsely tried, convicted, and sentenced to back to back life sentences for the double murder of his wife and her lover, deals with being trapped within a dreadful situation that are out of his hands. Throughout the nineteen years that he is in Shawshank prison, Andy has to endure everything from a gang called the Sisters, who go around raping and beating their prey to being forced to create and run a money laundering scheme for the prison Warden. If this story was written without the authors name on it, there is none of Stephen Kings characteristic style, except for maybe in one place in the story. The one possible place that even hints that it is from the mind of King is at the end of the story where Red is off to keep his promise to Andy. Andy asks Red, that when he get out of jail to travel to a southern Maine town called Buxton and look for something he buried in a hay field under a large oak field. The suspense of what was buried and the description of the field in Buxton is what is typical of Stephen King. While the story is very uncharacteristic of King it does deep down relate to himself. The theme of hope and of how Andy overcomes the situation is one that is tied closely to King. It runs a direct parallel with life as a child and how his life has turned out. Just as Andy was thrown into predicament and later escapes and lives his life on his own terms, Stephen, early on was forced to move from town to town with mother and brother. In the en d Stephen escapes and now lives on his own terms. Stephen Kings works are so powerful because he uses his experiences and observations from his life and places them into his unique works. What seems to make Stephen Kings stories almost magical is that the settings of his stories are placed into common every day places. Additionally, Stephens writings are true to life in peoples minds because he draws upon common fears. Just as Kings writing style and genre had been influenced by movies throughout his life, he is now influencing the same industry with his own vision and imagination. Kings writings are so widely appealing that over 42 of his works have been based upon or turned into Hollywood movies which have included stars like Jack Nicholson (The Shining), John Travolta (Carrie), and Morgan Freeman (The Shawshank Redemption). .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab , .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab .postImageUrl , .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab , .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab:hover , .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab:visited , .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab:active { border:0!important; } .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab:active , .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubf3b44b128cc2312dabbd765ab3f3aab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gullivers Travels (651 words) EssayWorks CitedBeaham , George . Stephen King Companion , The . Kansas City : Universal Press Syndicate Company , 1995 . Beaham , George . Stephen King Story, The : A Literary Profile . Kansas City : Universal Press Syndicate Company , 1992 . King , Stephen . Body , The in Different Seasons . New York : Viking Penguin Inc ., 1982 . King , Stephen . Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption in Different Seasons . New York : Viking Penguin Inc ., 1982 . Reino , Joseph . Stephen King : The First Decade , Carrie to Pet Sematary . Boston : Twayne Publishers , 1988 . Underwood , Tom . Conversations on Terror with Stephen King . New York : Warner Books , 1988 .

Smoky SiliCarb, Inc.

Smoky SiliCarb, Inc. Beausà ©jour City Council Hearing against Smoky SiliCarb Inc.: Pollution Issue Sept 14, 2012, Toronto – 15:27, NORTHERN QUEBEC, BEAUSÉJOUR Smoky SiliCarb, Inc. remains under pressure as it is unable to cope with the emissions. Being one of the largest carborundum plants in Beausà ©jour, Northern Quebec, it spends millions of dollars on improving the ecological situation, however, plant’s numerous smokestacks and waste products are still filtering into the neighboring streams. Considering the past events connected with the situation, the following data should be provided.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Smoky SiliCarb, Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The problem reemerged after Andrew Laskows complaint who emphasized on noxious smoke which affected the environment. The next day, on September 8, Lise Leger of the Beausà ©jour Garden Club also complained about the negative effects of the plan t emissions on the flowers. The things were complicated by a petition against SiliCarb’s pollution of Zeus Creek which was signed by 700 people. This report provoked the release of the special program of the folks in the morning show on WERS-Radio on September 10. The show was devoted to the plant and measures which had already been taken to make the plant consider the problem. The public hearing was initiated and Leslie Jones was invited as the first witness. Leslie Jones, the manager of the SiliCarb carborundum plant in Beausà ©jour, appeared at the Beausà ©jour City Council Hearing on September 13. He said, â€Å"SiliCarb has already spent $1.3 million on a program aimed at elimination of the harmful emissions into water and air produced by Beausà ©jour plant. We have received about 500 complaints over the past 3 months. We are concerned about environmental problems, but the companys manufacturing process and its peculiarities do not allow us to eliminate the emissions completely†. Leslie Jones also announced that the company does everything possible to cope with the problem, however, the amount of the production does not allow the company to remove pollution impact. Leslie Jones pointed out that the plants shutdown would negatively affect the area since being the largest employer in the region it offers many job opportunities. The shutdown would not bring any positive effect except for the environment. Having decided to invest another $2 million to solving the pollution problems within the next three months, it was announced that the planned measures for the year 2014 would be declined due to the current financing of the project.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Still, all the planned and all the necessary actions are going to be made. Leslie Jones said, â€Å"The new environment cleaning program will start in October, and the water and air purification is expected in June†. Smoky SiliCarb Inc. is the company which takes care of people. The company understands that its production is closely related to the environment pollution in the area, therefore, it takes all possible measures to cope with the problem. Even though the community does not notice significant changes, it should be mentioned that in 1991 SiliCarb received a prestigious award from Environment Canada for its contribution into the environment protection program. The community should take this information into account. Having promised to finance a new environment project and invest $2 million more, Smoky SiliCarb plans to hire 100 more employees for the cleaning program. Smoky SiliCarb Inc. has always been concerned with the environment, however, the previous manager violated the companys policy. Previous manager Fowler Aire illegally captured $25,000 of the company. However, the company does not reject its responsibilities and s pends time and money on improving the ecological situation in the country. Smoky SiliCarb Inc. understands that its emissions are harmful, but does everything possible to remain environment friendly; however, this cannot be achieved completely due to the peculiarities of the manufacturing. Being the leader in the production in the region, Smoky SiliCarb Inc. is the company which tries to be useful for the society. The conflict which appeared due to the inappropriate behavior of the previous manager affected the general reputation of the company.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Smoky SiliCarb, Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even though the Beausà ©jour plant was the subject of a critical report from the Private Environmental Stabilization Task-Force, a private environmental group, the company is sure that it does everything possible to clean the polluted water and air. The company is responsible for the emiss ions and it does not reject it, the professionals do their best to reduce the effects on the countrys environment. About Smoky SiliCarb Inc. Smoky SiliCarb Inc. is the oldest plant in Beausà ©jour. It was built in 1902. Today the Beausà ©jour plant employs 10,000 people, and it covers 14 acres. It is the single largest supplier of plate glass and commercial panes in the country. The company deals with trading under the symbol SCI on the Toronto Stock exchange. The company has a carborundum plant which meets the corporation needs. For Further Informstion Please Contact: Leslie Jones Smoky SiliCarb Inc., manager [emailprotected]Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Biotechnology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Biotechnology - Essay Example Chlorophyll absorbs all wavelengths of the visible light except the green light, which is reflected out. The chlorophyll is a complex molecule. Being complex it ahs undergone a lot of modifications and as a result chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophylls and carotenoids are found in the leaf. Carotenoids and chlorophyll b absorbs some of the green wavelength energy. Chlorophyll a receives it energy from the blue-violet and reddish orange wavelength. As the intensity of the light increases, the increase of the photosynthesis is observed. (Giacometti and Giacometti, 2009). The present study was performed to determine the effect of the color on the photosynthesis rate, the rate of photosynthesis, the rate of oxygen uptake was determined for this experiment. Chromatography is the process of separation of the solutes. Paper chromatography is the process of separating the pigments that are present in the chlorophyll into fractions based on their molecular weight. The porosity of the paper helps in the separation using petroleum ether –acetone solvent. The plant emits oxygen when the photosynthesis reactions take place. If the intensity of the light is higher, then the rate of photosynthesis is higher. At the same time if the light is kept closer to the leaf, it should also increases the photosynthesis rate because the intensity is directly proportional to the photosynthesis. The action spectra have color of various wavelengths shorter to longer. If the wavelength is small then the intensity of the light should be higher. This indicates that the color with greater intensity will have greater photosynthetic rate. When the red, green , blue light are used as the light source for the photosynthesis reaction, then the light of shorter w avelength should produce maximum intensity , therefore the photosynthesis will be greater. Of the three colors the blue has the shorter wavelength, so it should produce higher photosynthetic rate. Fresh

Kudler Fine Food's Marketing Strategy and Tactics Essay

Kudler Fine Food's Marketing Strategy and Tactics - Essay Example With all these aims in mind the company presently aims at using market research. This paper aims at discussing the importance of marketing research for the company and also to identify the areas where additional market research is needed. The paper will also focus on the competitive intelligence which will assist in development of marketing strategy and tactics for the company. Changes in any organization are one of the most difficult things to accomplish and marketing research in any company tends to always bring about changes (McNamara, 2006). Market research plays a very important role in businesses and assists businesses study the changes in the markets to effectively be able to accomplish the changes being intended in the company. It is essential to note that the marketing research is very beneficial in assisting the companies develop the marketing strategies and tactics. The benefits of the marketing research are as discussed below: a) Detailing the Constraints: Kudler fine Foods will gain a strong guidance from the marketing research and will be able to focus on the constraints which are an imperative part of all decision making. b) Marketing Action: The market researches provide the company with the required data for the development of the strategies and tactics (Kotler, 1999). This information proves to be invaluable for the accuracy of the tactics and development of the strategies. c) Customer’s views: Marketing research provides the company with a chance to identify the customer’s responses and views. This allows the company to make more informed decisions in terms of the marketing and also in regards to the development of new products (Aksel, 2007). Evaluating the customer needs constantly allows the company to develop products and services to accurately meet the needs of the customer and to successful cater to the target customers. d) Estimation

Area Study Merging with Cross-National Approach

Area Study Merging with Cross-National Approach Overview Are area studies and a cross-national approach really that different or they have more in common than we might expect? I think it is the latter, having three major similarities. First, these studies have increasingly merged to seek systematic explanations that cut through regions, which had been thought to be fundamentally different or exceptional (such as Latin America). As such, the second similarity is that they have also come to share some roles, such as confirming a theory. Third, the rise of mixed method approach that can combine area study and cross-national approaches further illuminates not only the second similarity but also a common and ultimate goal shared by the two approaches, which to expand our knowledge. At the same time, how they go about playing similar roles and accomplishing the shared goal remains as a major difference. In other words, to answer the second question, each approach is better suited than another to answer particular types of questions. Area studies that are often in qualitative nature ask for conditions necessary or sufficient for particular outcomes to occur, while cross- national approach that tend to be in quantitative in nature is much suited for asking the average effect of an independent variable on such outcomes. Similarities: Area Study Merging with Cross-National Approach Once again, I think area studies and a cross-national approach have come much closer to each other, having three major similarities. The first major similarity is that both studies seem to have sought systematic explanations that cut through regions. While it is straightforward that a cross-national approach seeks such accounts, I argue that this similarity has emerged due to a change in seeing what area study should be. Fundamentally, area study is a study that focuses on particular areas or regions of the world. In the mid 20th century, an area study approach had particularly been used as a â€Å"cookie cutter† strategy. That is, it ‘snips’ out regions or areas that do not conform to accepted ideas or particularly the ones that are studied through the scope of â€Å"ethnocentrism† (Wiarda 1993, 16). Thus, the study is driven by the idea—â€Å"what works in one context may not work in another† –and utilized to understand not just deviant or outlier but ‘exceptional’ cases (Wiarda 2005, 2). For instance, O’Donnell’s area studies on Argentina and Brazil (1973; 1976) caught grater attention in the 1970s; he challenged Lipset’s modernization theory (1959; 1960) that came out a decade ago based on Western states as a widely accepted idea displaying the positive relationship between economic development and democracy. Contra rily to Lipset, O’Donnell showed that a process of modernization actually yielded a bureaucratic-authoritarian regime in the ‘richest’ countries in the region. Dependency theorists, such as Frank (1969) and Dos Santos (1971) also elevated the importance of area studies by arguing that Latin American economies would not follow the path of Western states because the region was exploited as ‘satellite economies’ by the West and ended up contributing to the Western modernization. Recently, Mainwaring and Perez-Linan (2003) empirically demonstrated a non-linear relationship between economic development and democracy in Latin America; they concluded that â€Å"Latin American exceptionalism† existed in the mid to late 20th century because of distinctive economic policies (ISI) and a link between political elites. Regardless of Mainwaring and Prez-Linan’s work, however, I see area study to increasingly become a ‘lesson-drawing’ approach (Wiarda 2005). Instead of pointing out regional distinction and exception as an end goal, these differences are used as lessons for building a ‘mega-theory’ or producing systematic accounts regarding comparative politics. This is in part because of the rise of other area studies focusing on the Middle East and East Asia, which show their paths towards democracy that are distinct from both Western states and Latin America. These studies, therefore, diminish Latin America exceptionalism. In addition, area studies, namely of O’Donnell’s (1973; 1976) have come under much attack for being ad hoc explanations, since Latin American turned to re- democratize in the 1980s. All of these factors have then called for a more systematic investigation for providing an account, which identifies common and different conditions c ontributing to such outcomes (Acemoglu and Robinson 2006). For instance, Acemoglu and Robinson (2006) recognized Lipset’s modernization theory as one of four paths, rather than ‘the only path,’ and sought conditions that make democratization likely, using the cases of Argentina, Singapore, and South Africa. O’Donnell’s later work with Schmitter (1986) on Latin America also merged with Przeworski (1991) and Haggard and Kaufman (1995), which utilized cases from various regions, such as the Philippines, South Africa, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Nepal. These studies have then provided a powerful account, suggesting the entrance and exit or authoritarianism to depend on a strategic bargaining between political (military) and economic elites in the wake of economic downturns. Hence, the first major similarity is, once again, a tendency of both area studies and cross-national approaches to seek systematic accounts that cut through regions. While cross-national approach is essentially thought to have such a goal, area studies have come to understand the need of the goal, while no single region seems to stand as entirely exceptional or can be isolated from the rest of the world. As such, the second similarity is that they have also come to share some roles. When area studies, at least some parts of the studies, have come close to cross-national approach theoretically, these studies can play a similar analytical role as well, namely the role in confirming a theory. The theory of political activism may be a good example. Mainly based on Western states, including the United States, empirical cross- ational studies have suggested that well-established democracies have increasingly faced a â€Å"legitimacy crisis† or increase in â€Å"democratic deficits† (Norris 2011, 3- 5). Using a wide range of indicators such as a declining civic engagement or voter turnout (Teixiera 1992; Putnam 2000), declining party loyalties (Aldrich 1995; Dalton et al. 1984), and surveys, they show dissatisfaction and decrease in confidence in national governments (Norris 2011). As such, Fung and Drakeley (2013) conducted an area study focusing on East Asia, ranging from South Korea to Indonesia and Cambodia, and confirmed that even in ‘transnational democracies’ face similar challenges with old democracies or what Norris (2011) calls ‘democratic deficits.’ The area study shows that East Asian states are remarkably similar with Western democracies in a sense that democratic regime may be ‘flawed’ but not ‘broken.’ In turn, cross-national studies can also confirm a theory based on area studies. For instance, Lipset’s modernization theory on the basis on Western Europe has been reinforced with a growing number of empirical cross-national studies (Boix and Stokes 2003; Epstein et al 2006), although debatable (e.g. Przeworski and Limongi 1997; Kennedy 2010; Teorell 2010). Geddes (2003, 351-365) explicitly stated the literature on modernization theory has become much more â€Å"persuasive† because â€Å"large-n studies have begun to play a greater role in the comparative development fields.† Third, the rise of mixed method approach that can combine area study and cross-national approaches further illuminates not only the second point but also a common and ultimate goal shared by the two approaches, which to expand our knowledge. For instance, Liberman (2005) recently suggested a mixed-method approach, called nested analysis, which is a research design employing both a Large-N statistical analysis and small-N case studies for in-depth investigation. In particular, this approach advocates the use of a large-N analysis as a guide to draw a subsequent small-case N analysis for two different purposes: a model-building tool for testing an outlier case and a model-testing tool for confirming an online case. Coppedge (2002) is a good example of the nested analysis; he developed a large-N study to determine the need of an area study on Venezuela, which appeared to have a large portion of residuals since the 1990s. Fish (2005) also employed a mixed approach, which conducted a larg e-n analysis and the Russian case study. Similarly, King et al (1994) and Brady et al (2006) also suggest a mixed approach, which, though unlike Liberman, utilizes area studies to draw a large- n analysis. For instance, Krieckhaus (2006) briefly reviewed areas of Latin America, East Asia, and Sub- Saharan Africa to argue distinctive effects of democratic governance on economic growth. This area study thus confirms not only a null relationship between the two variables in cross- national studies but also the positive and negative relationships that appear when empirical analyses are conducted separately. In short, these mixed approaches show that area studies and cross-national studies can reinforce their finding or give a valid reason for each to be conducted; and ultimately, these mutual roles highlight the most important similarity –both studies contribute to enhance our knowledge in comparative politics (Walt 1999). Different Questions and Approaches At the same time, how they go about playing similar roles and accomplishing the shared goal remains as a major difference. In particular, area studies are usually qualitative in nature, with some exceptions (e.g. Mainwaring and Prez- Pinan 2003). This means that, as I mentioned sometimes, area studies are a small-n or case study, which intensively examine particular events with careful attention to historical and cultural contexts. King et al (1994) similarly argue that a small- n study is better at conducting a descriptive inference, which is the â€Å"process of understanding an observed phenomenon on the basis of a set of observations† (55). As such, area studies are particularly suited for asking two questions. The first one is, â€Å"what are conditions necessary or sufficient for a particular event to arise?† Returning to the works by O’Donnell and Schmitter (1986), Przeworski (1991), and Haggard and Kaufman (1995), they essentially found economic downturn and ‘authoritarian bargaining’ between political and economic elites as crucial and interactive conditions that change the likelihood of a regime change. Acemoglu and Robinson (2006) as well as Boix (2003) also constructed a model where the level of income inequality and capital mobility to interactively alter the probability of democratization, as they contribute to power relations between political elites and mass citizens. Area studies are also suited for questions that identify important actors. The identification of domestic actors is crucial because they, according to Mahoney (2011, 115), â€Å"create†¦structures, which in turn shape subsequent actor behaviors, which in turn lead to the development of institutional structural patterns† It is also important, as Walt (1999, 12) points out that the main task of political science research is to produce â€Å"useful knowledge about human social behavior.† As such, the above studies are also praised for identifying important actors, such as political elites, business actors, and military, which are â€Å"black boxed† (Rueschemeyr et al. 1992, 29) in Lipset’s modernization theory and subsequent empirical studies that focus on the relationship between economic development and democracy (e.g. Prezeworksi and LImongi 1997; Epstein et al 2006; Boix and Stokes 2003; Kennedy 2010; Teorell 2010). Ziblatt (2006: 322) commented, â€Å"their accounts improve upon the agentless structural functionalism implicit in modernization theory by reasserting the primacy of collective actors resources, preferences, and strategies.† Teorell (2010, 151) also argues, â€Å"The key theoretical virtue of this novel approach is that it integrates the previous †¦traditions by providing structural conditions explaining preference and actions of ordinary citizens, in turn affecting the strategic choices made by political elites.† In turn, cross-national studies are naturally equipped with a larger sample size and conducted through statistical or quantitative analyses. As such, they are better suited for asking, â€Å"what is the average effect on an independent variable on the same or similar outcome seen across the world?† (Mahoney 2011; King et al 1994). Put differently, King et al (1994) argues that, while area studies tend to be good at descriptive inference, large- n studies are better suited for causal inference—that is—to â€Å"demonstrate the causal status of each potential linkage in such a posited mechanism the investigator would have to define and then estimate the causal effect underlying it† (86). For instance, Boix and Stokes (2003, 531), building on Lipset, specifically concluded, â€Å" A simulation of the results shows that for low and medium levels of development, the probability of a transition to democracy grows by about 2 percent for each $1,000 increase in per capita income.† Similarly, Kennedy (2010, 797) notes â€Å"a 1% increase in per- capita GDP above the country mean† increases the probability of democratic transition. These specific numbers would not come out of area studies; for instance, although Haggard and Kaufman (1992) identified economic downturn as a crucial condition for a regime change, they do not specify exactly how bad the economic situation has to be; it was rather relative judgment in comparing cases.

Political Economies

Contemporary political economies are mixtures of fascism, socialism, capitalism, anarchism, etc. Most of them stress aspects of certain systems more than those of others but in each one will find a mixture. Recent largely fascist systems are those of Mussolini's Italy, Peron's Argentina, Hitler's Third Reich, Chavez' Venezuela, and several of recent Middle Eastern regimes (e. g. , Libya), Egypt, et al. So called communist regimes are also effectively fascist since they tend to be ruled by an undemocratic group of rulers†e. . , North Korea, Cuba. Welfare Statism The welfare state or, from the economic viewpoint, the mixed economy, may be understood as a combination of the principles of capitalism and socialism. Sometimes the emphasis in this system is placed not so much on economic as on certain moral considerations. Basically the welfare state consists of a legal system that aims at securing for everyone the negative right to liberty and the positive right to well being.The wel fare state, which is to say most Western countries, balances the two values that together seem to its advocates to be the bedrock of a civilized society. No one ought to have his or her sovereignty seriously compromised, nor should anyone be permitted to fall below a certain standard of living. This is difficult to maintain ecause at different times one or another of these objectives will probably take priority and in mostly democratic systems political leaders will vacillate between giving more support to one or the other.The right to strike, for example, which is the negative liberty to quit one's Job in an effort to gain respect for one's terms of employment, may conflict with the positive right to be provided with various services–e. g. , health care, mail delivery or education. It is indeed a prominent feature of the welfare state that both negative and positive rights receive their legal protection. Negative rights involve respect for a person's life, liberty and proper ty–that is, everyone is by law supposed to abstain from interfering with these.Positive rights, in turn, involve respect for a person's basic needs–that is, everyone who is unable to secure the requirements ot survival and even tlourishing is supposed to have those provided by way of the appropriate public policy (e. g. , taxation, mandated services, public education, national health care). The moral underpinnings of the welfare state can be utilitarianism, altruism or certain intuitively held moral precepts. Utilitarianism requires that all pursue the eneral welfare and whatever public policies to facilitate this were needed would be justified.Although many utilitarians believe that the general welfare is best achieved when government operates in a largely laissez-faire fashion, there is no objection to government intervention in social affairs if without those many in the society may fail to achieve a decent and prosperous form of life. Altruists, in turn, often hold that to make certain that people fulfill their primary obligation to help others, it is necessary to introduce public measures that will secure such help, given that many might wish o breach their duty to do the right thing.Finally, there is the claim that by our common intuitions it is evident that both a measure of personal liberty and social welfare must be guaranteed to all, lest the quality of life in society fall below what it should be. While people object to the welfare state from several other perspectives, it is thought by its supporters to be the most stable modern political orders. Although it is characterized by much dispute and controversy, in the long run, its supporters maintain, the system seems to be overall satisfactory and Just.

Apush Notes: Conquering a Continent 1861-1877 Essay

* Essential Question: What factors helped advance the integration of the national economy after the Civil War? Section 1: The Republican Vision: * Integrating the National Economy: * Reshaping the former Confederacy after the Civil War supplemented a Republican drive to strengthen the national economy to overcome limitations of market variations that took place under previous Democratic commands. * Failure to fund internal improvements left different regions of the country disconnected, producing the Civil War, Republicans argued. * During the Civil War and after, the Republican-dominated Congress made strong use of federal power, passing protective tariffs that gave U.S. manufacturers a competitive advantage against foreign firms. * Republican administrations would strengthen the economy through a massive public-private partnership that modern historians argue represents a turn away from a laissez-faire or â€Å"hands off† approach of previous administrations towards the economy. * Railroad developments in the United States began well before the Civil War but peaked after the Civil War. By 1900, virtually no corner of the country lacked rail service. * Railroads transformed American capitalism by adopting a legal form of organization, the corporation, enabling them to raise private capital in large amounts. * Along with the transformative power of railroads, Republicans’ protective tariffs also helped build thriving U.S. industries. A Civil War debt of $2.8 billion was erased during the 1880s by a $2.1-billion-dollar income from tariffs. * Fierce tariff debates marked American politics in the 1880s and 1890s. Democrats argued that the tariff had not slowed poverty in the United States. * Protective tariffs had also helped to foster the growth of trusts, giant corporations that dominated whole sectors of the economy and wielded monopoly power. * The rise of railroads and trusts prompted a pushback by companies against new state and federal regulatory laws. In Munn v. Illinois (1877), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states possessed the right to regulate businesses, but not at the expense of fragmenting the national marketplace. * In the Southwest, federal courts promoted economic development at the expense of racial justice. Although the United States had taken control of New Mexico and Arizona after the U.S. Mexican War of 1848, much of the land still remained in Mexican American hands by the 1870s. * As the post–Civil War years brought railroads and Anglo-American settlers, Mexican Americans lost 64 percent of their lands through special courts that ruled on land titles. * The Santa Fe Ring was a notorious group of politicians and lawyers who conspired to defraud Mexican Americans of their lands. * After the Civil War, U.S. and European policymakers attempted to transform their economies to the gold standard. But basing money supplies on gold was a divisive issue that framed U.S. politics for a generation. * In 1873, Congress directed the U.S. Treasury, over a six-year period, to retire the greenback paper dollars issued during the Civil War and replace them with notes from an expanded system of national banks. After 1879, the Treasury exchanged notes for gold upon request. * Silver adherents received a modest victory when Congress passed the Bland-Allison Act of 1878, requiring the United States to coin a modest amount of silver. * Republican nationalist policies fostered rapid economic growth in the form of an expansion of telecommunications, corporations, and capital, making the United States a mighty industrial power by 1900. * The New Union and the World: * Following the Civil War, the United States achieved greater leverage with foreign nations like Britain. American expansionists expected to add more territories to the nation. The use of the Hawaiian Islands and the invention of steam transportation facilitated expansion off the continent to places like Japan in the 1850s. * Union victory also increased trade with Latin America. Mexico freed itself from French rule in 1867, but risked economic manipulation by its larger northern neighbor, the United States. * International trade became a new model for asserting power in Latin America and Asia. Under the leadership of Secretary of State William Steward (1861–1869), the United States embraced China and Japan, forcing the Japanese to remain open to trade. * Seward also advocated the purchase of strategic locations for naval bases and refueling stations, such as land in Nicaragua for a canal, Hawaii, and the Philippines. * In 1868, Seward achieved a significant victory with congressional approval of the Burlingame Treaty with China, regulating immigration. The same year, Seward also purchased Alaska from Russia, further establishing the United States as a global power. Summary: * Essential Question: What factors drew homesteaders to the Great Plains, and what role did they play in the Republicans’ vision for the post-Civil War nation? Section 2: Incorporating the West: * Cattlemen and Miners: * Conquest and development of the American West became the domestic foundation for national supremacy in the late 1800s. Farm development was as vital as factory development to Republican policymakers. * Republicans sought to bring families to the West by offering 160 acres of land through the Homestead Act. * Innovative federal policies, such as the U.S. Geological Survey, helped in 1879 to open up western lands managed under a new Department of the Interior. * Federal policies helped to incorporate the trans-Mississippi West. As railroads crossed the country, thousands of homesteaders filed land claims. * To make room for cattle, professional buffalo hunters eliminated the buffalo. * Texas ranchers inaugurated the famous Long Drive, hiring cowboys to herd cattle hundreds of miles north to the railroads that pushed west across Kansas. * As soon as railroads reached the Texas range country during the 1870s, ranchers abandoned the Long Drive. Stockyards appeared beside railroad tracks in large Midwestern cities like Chicago. These places became the center of a new industry, meatpacking. * Sheep raising also became a major enterprise in the high country of the Rockies and the Sierras. * In the late 1850s as California gold panned out, other mineral discoveries helped to develop the Far West in places like Nevada, the Colorado Rockies, South Dakota’s Black Hills, and Idaho. The Comstock Lode in Nevada was a major silver discovery. * At some sites, miners found copper, lead, and zinc that eastern industries demanded. The insatiable material demands of mining triggered economic growth at many far-flung sites, such as Pueblo, Colorado, which smelted ore. * Remote areas turned into a mob scene of prospectors, traders, gamblers, prostitutes, and saloonkeepers; prospectors made their own mining codes and often used them to exclude or discriminate against Mexicans, Chinese, and blacks. * California created a market for Oregon’s produce and timber. * Homesteaders: * Upon first encountering the Great Plains, Euro-Americans thought the land barren, and referred to it as the Great American Desert. * Railroads, land speculators, steamship lines, and the western states and territories did all they could to encourage settlement of the Great Plains. * New technology—steel plows, barbed wire, and strains of hard-kernel wheat—helped settlers to overcome obstacles. * Between 1878 and 1886, settlers experienced exceptionally wet weather, but then the dry weather typical of the Great Plains returned, and settlers fled recently settled land. * â€Å"American fever† took hold in northern Europe as Norwegians and Swedes came to the United States. * For some southern blacks known as Exodusters, Kansas was the Promised Land; by 1880, 40,000 blacks lived in Kansas—the largest concentration of blacks in the West aside from Texas. * By the turn of the century, the Great Plains had fully submitted to agricultural development. In this process, there was little of the â€Å"pioneering† that Americans associated with the westward movement; farming required capital investment and the willingness to risk boom and bust cycles just like any other business. * Although miners, lumber workers, and cowboys were overwhelmingly men, many women accompanied families as homesteaders. * The Republican ideal of national economic development through farm building supported the cultural value of domesticity. Spread widely before and after the Civil War, domesticity held that it was a man’s devotion to his wife and childr en that caused him to work hard and be thrifty and responsible. * Domesticity produced a political clash with the Mormon Church, whose adherents practiced polygamy. Along with voting rights, this issue framed gender political controversies during Reconstruction. * Women’s rights expanded when Wyoming granted women the right to vote in 1869. Towns in Kansas in the 1880s elected women as mayors and as city professionals. Women were increasingly leaving the home to work. * Yet the majority of rural women lived under harsh frontier conditions. Rolvaag’s contemporary work, Giants in the Earth portrayed the fear and isolation of Norwegian immigrant women on the Dakota vast prairie. * Debt and Aridity: * Farm prices dropped in the late 1800s as technological innovation and global expansion glutted markets for wheat, cotton, and corn. * Farmers also faced the problem of being small producers in a marketplace that rewarded economies of scale, giving large corporations the advantage of undercutting farmers. In the 1880s, farmers would launch one of the most powerful protest movements in the history of American politics. * A hostile environment existed on the Great Plains in the form of grasshoppers, prairie fires, hailstorms, droughts, tornadoes, blizzards, the lack of water, and minimal wood supplies. Many families built homes made of sod. * By the late 1880s, over 50,000 homesteaders had fled the Dakotas and many others gave up their settled lands. Dry farming techniques helped to alleviate some of the challenges of Great Plains farming. But it favored the growth of large corporations. Family farms required over 300 acres to survive low prices and harsh weather conditions. * By 1900, about half of the nation’s cattle and sheep, one-third of its cereal crops, and nearly three-fifths of its wheat came from the Great Plains. But environmental costs multiplied as wasteful anti-biodiversity agricultural practices continued. * Encouragement from experts like John Wesley Powell, a geologist who explored the West, to infuse federal funding into western development ignited a debate over corporate versus small family farms. * Rampant overdevelopment led to a preservation movement by Congress. In 1864, Congress gave 10 square miles of the Yosemite Valley to California for public use. In 1872, Congress set aside 2 million acres of Wyoming’s Yellowstone Valley as a public park for tourism, a new western industry on the rise. * Indian eviction accompanied land preservation. In 1877, the Nez Perce under Chief Joseph and the Bannock tribe of Indians utilized Yellowstone for survival as they fled forced reservation life by the federal military. * The military decided that killing buffalo would help reduce resistance of the Great Plains tribes. They had signed treaties in 1867 and 1868 to ceded vast tracts of land and remain on reservations. Whites now wanted Indians to cede more lands. Summary: * Essential Question: How did the federal government’s relationship with Native Americans change in the decades following the Civil War? How did they stay the same? Section 3: A Harvest of Blood: Native Peoples Dispossessed: * The Civil War and Indians on the Plains: * Before the Civil War, Congress gave the Great Plains to Native Americans because they thought it could not be farmed. But railroads, steel plows, and the desire for land reversed that decision. * The Sioux and other tribes fought against federal government attempts to place them on reservations. In 1862 in Minnesota, the Sioux responded by massacring white settlers. President Lincoln hanged the leaders and exiled the remainder from the state. * The Dakota Sioux uprising escalated tensions elsewhere between whites and Indians. In 1864, Col. Chivington led his troops to commit the Sand Creek Massacre of Cheyenne in eastern Colorado. * The Sioux and Arapaho responded with more attacks. In December of 1866, the Sioux wiped out eighty men under Captain Fetterman and successfully closed the Bozeman Trail. * By 1869, public opinion had turned against warfare as an effective means to subdue Indian tribes. Congressional leaders searched for other options to deal with the â€Å"Indian probl em.† * Grant’s Peace Policy: * Christian reformers heavily influenced the Grant administration’s peace policy. Reformers argued that Indians could be transformed into whites through education and religious indoctrination, particularly of Indian youth in boarding schools. The first boarding school opened at Carlisle in 1879. * Corruption, racism, and denominational in-fighting reduced the effectiveness of the boarding school campaign. To Indian leaders, reformers became just another interest group. * Indian tribes were forced by political circumstances to accommodate. In 1871, Congress abolished further treaty-making with Indian tribes. * The Supreme Court further eroded tribal power in Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock (1903), stating that Congress could make any policies it chose and could ignore existing treaties. * In Ex Parte Crow Dog, the Court ruled that Indians were not citizens unless approved by Congress. Indians would remain wards of the government until the 1930s. * Another assimilation measure attempted to free Indians from their tribal past, this time through land taking. The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 held that all Indians would receive allotments of reservation land and the remainder would be sold to non-Indians. * The Bureau of Indian Affairs’ carelessness, corruption, and greed doomed the act. Fifteen million surplus acres alone were taken from tribes in Indian Territory by 1894, facilitating the birth of the state of Oklahoma. * Before Dawes, Indians had held over 155 million acres of land; by 1900, this had dropped to 77 million. By 1934, native peoples had lost 66 percent of their allotted lands. * The End of Armed Resistance: * By 1873, only Sitting Bull, the great Lakota Sioux leader, openly refused to go to a reservation. * A crisis came on the northern plains in 1876 when the Sioux refused to sell the Black Hills as demanded by the federal government. * On June 25, 1876, George A. Custer pursued a reckless strategy and suffered annihilation by Chief Crazy Horse’s Sioux and Cheyenne warriors at the Little Big Horn. This was the last victory of the Plains Indians against the U.S. Army. * The Apache hated their reservation, so they made life miserable for white settlers in the Southwest until their chief Geronimo was finally captured in 1886. The United States had completed its military conquest of the West. * Strategies of Survival: * Despite living on reservations and halting armed resistance, most native people continued to practice traditional languages, ceremonies, and arts. * Most native people also selectively adopted white ways such as use of the English language and skills such as agriculture. Most native people blended old and new ways. * One of the most famous native people who assimilated during this era was Dr. Charles Eastman, a Dakota Sioux boy trained in white schools to become a medical doctor. * The Ghost Dance movement symbolized the syncretism, or blending together, of white and Indian ways. The dance drew on Christian and native elements, spreading from reservation to reservation across the West and alarmed many local whites. On December 29, 1890, at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota, U.S. Army soldiers massacred 150 Lakota Sioux people. The soldiers feared that the Ghost Dance would provoke war uniting Indian communities. * By 1890, the United States included forty states, an industrial economy that rivaled Britain and Germany, steady immigration, and inklings of becoming a major player in foreign places. A new American empire was forming abroad.